What is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of fast-growing cancers that begin in the lymphatic system. These cancers develop when lymphocytes become abnormal and multiply quickly. NHL behaves differently to Hodgkin lymphoma and is divided into several subtypes.
NHL is more common in older children and teenagers, but it can occur at any age.
Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms depend on where the lymphoma develops and may include:
- swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpit or groin
- persistent fevers
- night sweats
- unexplained weight loss
- tummy swelling or pain (common in some subtypes)
- cough or breathing difficulties if lymph nodes in the chest are enlarged
- tiredness or low energy
These symptoms are also common in many non-cancer conditions and do not necessarily mean cancer.
How is it Diagnosed?
If NHL is suspected, your child will be referred to a specialist centre. Tests may include:
- blood tests – to assess overall health
- ultrasound, chest X-ray, CT or MRI – to identify enlarged nodes or masses
- PET scan – sometimes used to show active areas of disease
- lymph node or tumour biopsy – the key test that confirms the exact subtype
- bone marrow tests – in some cases
These tests help determine the best treatment plan.
Treatment
NHL is usually treated with intensive chemotherapy. The exact medicines and length of treatment depend on the subtype and how widespread the lymphoma is.
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the main treatment and is given in cycles, often through a central line. NHL usually responds very well to this approach. -
Targeted Therapy
Some subtypes respond to medicines that act specifically on lymphoma cells. These may be given alongside chemotherapy. -
Radiotherapy
Used less often than in Hodgkin lymphoma, but may be recommended in certain situations.
Supportive Care
Throughout treatment your child may receive:
- anti-sickness medicines
- transfusions
- antibiotics or antifungals
- nutritional and emotional support
- help with school, play and daily routines
Monitoring Response
Scans, blood tests and clinical assessments are used throughout treatment to check response and guide any adjustments.
Outlook & Support
Most children and teenagers with NHL respond very well to treatment, and long-term survival rates are high for many subtypes.
During treatment your child will be cared for by a specialist children’s cancer team. Help is available with managing side effects, school, emotional wellbeing and practical concerns.
Lennox Children’s Cancer Fund will support your whole family from diagnosis, through treatment and beyond.
Key Facts
- Common Age: More common in older children and teenagers
- Survival: Around 75–85% depending on subtype
- How common? One of the three most common cancers in older children and teens
