What is Ewing’s Sarcoma?
Ewing sarcoma is a rare type of bone cancer that can develop in any bone, but most commonly affects the pelvis, thigh bone, ribs or upper arm. It can also occur in the soft tissues around bones.
It often affects older children and teenagers and tends to grow quickly, which is why early diagnosis and specialist treatment are important.
Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
- persistent bone pain or tenderness
- swelling or a lump near a bone or joint
- difficulty moving a limb
- unexplained limping
- fever or tiredness (in some cases)
- pain that worsens at night or with activity
These symptoms can also be caused by many non-cancer childhood conditions and do not necessarily mean cancer.
How is it Diagnosed?
If Ewing sarcoma is suspected, your child will be referred to a specialist centre. Tests may include:
- X-rays – to look for changes in the bone
- MRI or CT scans – to understand the size and position of the tumour
- bone scan or PET scan – to check for spread
- biopsy – the key test that confirms the diagnosis
- bone marrow tests – sometimes needed to look for cancer cells
- blood tests – for overall health assessment
These results help the team plan the most effective treatment.
Treatment
Treatment for Ewing sarcoma usually includes a combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. The exact plan depends on the tumour’s size, location and whether it has spread.
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is typically the first treatment. It helps shrink the tumour and treats any cancer cells that might have spread. It is given in cycles through a central line. -
Surgery
If possible, surgery is used to remove the tumour. Limb-sparing surgery is often possible, but occasionally amputation may be recommended if the tumour involves critical structures. -
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is commonly used in Ewing sarcoma and may be given after surgery, or instead of surgery if removing the tumour is not safe. It is carefully targeted to spare as much healthy tissue as possible. -
High-Dose Therapy and Stem Cell Transplant
Used in certain high-risk cases or when the cancer returns.
Supportive Care
Your child may receive:
- pain relief and medicines to manage side effects
- antibiotics or antifungals
- physiotherapy to support mobility and strength
- emotional and psychological support
- nutritional advice
- help with school and activity planning
Supportive care plays a major role in maintaining comfort and wellbeing during treatment.
Monitoring Response
Scans, blood tests and clinical reviews are used to monitor the tumour’s response to treatment and to guide the next steps.
Outlook & Support
Children and teenagers with Ewing sarcoma often respond well to treatment, especially when the cancer is found early and has not spread. Survival continues to improve with modern chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy techniques.
During treatment your child will be cared for by a specialist children’s cancer team. Help is available with managing side effects, school, emotional wellbeing and practical concerns.
Lennox Children’s Cancer Fund will support your whole family from diagnosis, through treatment and beyond.
Key Facts
- Common Age: Older children and teenagers
- Survival: Around 60–70% for localised disease
- How common? A rare childhood cancer affecting bones and surrounding tissues
